📘 QUIZ – Ship Stability & Safety

Level: B1+ (Analytical) | Total: 15 Questions

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🔹 TEXT 1 (REAL CASE – ANALYTICAL)

A Ferry Accident and Stability Failure

In early 2026, a passenger ferry operating in Southeast Asia sank shortly after leaving port at night. Witnesses reported that the ferry tilted to one side before water entered the lower deck. Although the weather was calm, the ship lost stability in a short time.

Investigators suggested that passenger movement and uneven load distribution may have affected the ship's balance. Some passengers were standing on one side of the ferry, while vehicles and cargo were not evenly positioned. This caused the ship to lean, allowing seawater to enter through openings near the deck.

When water enters the ship, the total weight increases and stability decreases rapidly. As a result, the ferry could not return to an upright position and eventually sank. This case shows that ship stability depends not only on weather, but also on correct loading and passenger control.

1

What was the first sign of instability on the ferry?

A. Engine failure

B. Fire on board

C. The ship tilted to one side

D. Strong waves hit the ship

2

Why is calm weather important in this case?

A. It proves weather was the main cause

B. It shows stability problems can happen without bad weather

C. It means the ship was too heavy

D. It helped the ship stay balanced

3

Which factor(s) most likely caused the ferry to lose balance?

A. Low fuel level

B. Passenger movement

C. Uneven loading

D. Navigation error

4

Why did water entering the ship make the situation worse?

A. It reduced ship speed

B. It increased total weight and reduced stability

C. It cooled the engine

D. It balanced the ship

5

Categorise the following into Causes of Instability vs Not Causes:

Causes of Instability

Not Causes

🔹 TEXT 2 (TECHNICAL – ANALYTICAL)

Cargo Distribution and Stability Control

Cargo distribution plays an important role in keeping a fishing vessel stable. When cargo is evenly distributed, the ship can stay upright even when waves hit the hull.

Imagine a vessel carrying 1,000 kg of fish. If 700 kg is placed on the left side and only 300 kg on the right side, the ship will lean. If waves come from the right side, the ship may not be able to return to its upright position.

However, if the cargo is divided equally, the ship's balance improves. Therefore, crew members must check cargo position regularly, especially after loading or unloading activities.

6

What is the main purpose of even cargo distribution?

A. To increase ship speed

B. To reduce fuel use

C. To maintain ship stability

D. To carry more cargo

7

Why is the ship more dangerous when waves come from the opposite side of heavy cargo?

A. The ship becomes lighter

B. The ship cannot correct its tilt easily

C. The engine stops working

D. The waves reduce cargo weight

8

Which situation shows the BEST cargo condition?

A. 1,000 kg on the left side

B. 700 kg left, 300 kg right

C. 500 kg left, 500 kg right

D. Cargo stored only on deck

9

When should crew members recheck cargo distribution?

A. Only before sailing

B. After loading

C. After unloading

D. Only during storms

10

Categorise the following into Good Practice vs Risky Practice:

Good Practice

Risky Practice

🔹 TEXT 3 (TECHNICAL – ANALYTICAL)

Center of Gravity and Equipment Placement

The center of gravity is the point where a ship's weight is concentrated. A ship is more stable when this point is low. Heavy equipment should be placed in the lower part of the vessel to maintain balance.

For example, a fishing vessel carries two machines weighing 300 kg each. If both machines are placed on the upper deck, the center of gravity rises. This makes the ship easier to tilt when waves or wind hit.

If the machines are placed in the engine room near the bottom of the ship, the center of gravity stays low. As a result, the ship can return to its upright position more easily.

11

Why is a low center of gravity important?

A. It increases cargo space

B. It improves ship stability

C. It reduces engine noise

D. It increases ship height

12

What happens if heavy equipment is placed on the upper deck?

A. The ship becomes more stable

B. The ship becomes easier to tilt

C. The ship uses less fuel

D. The ship moves faster

13

Which placement is the SAFEST for heavy machines?

A. On the bridge

B. On the upper deck

C. Near the bottom of the ship

D. On one side only

14

What can waves do to a ship with a high center of gravity?

A. Help it stay upright

B. Have no effect

C. Make it tilt more easily

D. Reduce its weight

15

Categorise the following into Safe Equipment Placement vs Unsafe Placement:

Safe Placement

Unsafe Placement

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